本文从物质生产和交往的最初历史形式——自然经济出发，考察认识活动的性质与特征，试图说明生产的社会形式与认识活动的关系。认为历史上的自然经济，限制了认识的活动范围，塑造了适应这种环境人的“原始的丰富”，影响了科学活动的社会性发展，制约了交往的扩大和技术的改进。而认识自身发展的内在逻辑，则要求发展市场经济为其开辟新的空间。 Based on the natural history of the first historical form of material production and exchange, this paper examines the nature and characteristics of cognitive activities and attempts to illustrate the relationship between the social forms of production and cognitive activities. They think that the historical natural economy has limited the range of activities of understanding, shaped the “primitive abundance” of people who adapt to such environment, affected the social development of scientific activities and restricted the expansion of communication and the improvement of technology. To understand the inherent logic of its own development requires the development of a market economy to open up new spaces for it.