Ｂ细胞在胸腺依赖抗原免疫应答中所经历的活化、增殖和分化是一个极为复杂的生物学过程。本文在总结近年来该领域进展和假说的基础上，对这一过程中包括Ｂ细胞的活化部位、机制和途径，Ｂ细胞的增殖、生发中心的形成、免疫球蛋白编码基因的超突变和抗体亲和力的筛选、免疫球蛋白重链转型、浆细胞和记忆Ｂ细胞的分化形成以及免疫记忆的维持等方面作了较为系统全面的介绍。 Activation, proliferation and differentiation of B cells in the thymus-dependent antigen immune response is an extremely complex biological process. This article summarizes the progress and hypothesis in recent years in this field, based on this process, including the activation of B cells, mechanism and pathway, B cell proliferation, germinal center formation, immunoglobulin coding gene hypermutation and antibody Affinity screening, immunoglobulin heavy chain transformation, the formation and differentiation of plasma cells and memory B cells, and the maintenance of immune memory.