20世纪被许多学者称为“社会科学的世纪”。这个世纪的社会科学最明显的特点就是进一步走向体制化、综合化(跨学科研究趋势)及理论性与应用性的相互妥协。这些特点影响着政府及基金组织对待社会科学的政策。国外社会科学政策及管理是一个很大的题目,国与国之间情况千差万别。由于国外,特别是西方,很少有专门探讨自己的社科政策或管理体制的著述,因此,可资参考的文献不多。大量的材料只能是通过他们的实际做法归纳总结出来。下面分别按三个国家或国家集团来讨论这个问题:1.美国;2.经合组织(OECD)国家;3.俄罗斯及中东欧国家。选择美国不仅因为它经济发达,而且在人文社科研究方面成果多、队伍强、影响大;选择经合组织国家,是 In the 20th century, many scholars called it “the century of social sciences”. The most obvious feature of social science in this century is that it further moves towards institutionalization, integration (interdisciplinary research trends) and theoretical and application compromise. These characteristics influence the government and IMF policies on social sciences. Foreign social science policy and management is a big issue, and the situation between countries varies widely. Due to the overseas, especially in the West, there are seldom books devoted to discussing their own social science policy or management system. Therefore, there is not much literature available for reference. A lot of material can only be summed up by their actual practices. The following are three countries or groups of countries to discuss this issue: 1. United States; 2. OECD countries; 3. Russia and Central and Eastern European countries. The choice of the United States not only because of its economic development, but also has many achievements in humanities and social sciences research, strong teams and great influence. Choosing OECD countries is