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目的了解汕头市中小学生变应性鼻炎流行病学特征并分析其相关危险因素。方法以分层随机抽样法抽取汕头市6所中、小学7～16岁学生为研究对象,应用设计的调查问卷表,进行病例筛选问卷调查,根据问卷结果对可疑对象进行专科检查并确诊。结果共发放问卷1005份,回收有效问卷932份,汕头市7～16岁青少年变应性鼻炎现患病率为16.8%(157/932),男、女发病率差异无统计学意义。在变应性鼻炎的危险因素中,支气管哮喘、药物、食物过敏、居住环境以及家族史均与变应性鼻炎发生密切相关。结论初步了解汕头市青少年变应性鼻炎的流行现状,为变应性鼻炎的防治提供流行病学资料。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis among primary and middle school students in Shantou and to analyze the related risk factors. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select 6-year-old and 7-year-old students from 6 middle schools and primary schools in Shantou as the research object. The questionnaire was designed and used to conduct a case-based screening survey. According to the questionnaire results, suspicious subjects were examined and diagnosed. Results A total of 1005 questionnaires were sent out and 932 valid questionnaires were collected. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis among children aged 7-16 years old in Shantou was 16.8% (157/932). There was no significant difference in the incidence of male and female. Allergic rhinitis risk factors, bronchial asthma, drugs, food allergies, living environment and family history are closely related to the occurrence of allergic rhinitis. Conclusions A preliminary understanding of the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adolescents in Shantou City is provided to provide epidemiological data for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.