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通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、金相检验、扫描电镜以及能谱分析等方法,对TP316不锈钢气管腐蚀开裂泄漏原因进行分析。结果表明,该气管的化学元素组成符合相应的材料标准,通过能谱分析显示腐蚀泄漏区域具有硫和氯元素沉积,显微组织中含有形变马氏体,固溶处理不充分,另外该气管在冷拔后没有进行去应力退火,在管内通入的气体中含有硫、氯等杂质元素情况下,导致气管的内表面产生应力腐蚀裂纹,裂纹不断扩展,最终致使气管泄漏。因此,应力腐蚀是导致气管产生泄漏的主要原因。
Through the macroscopic examination, the chemical composition analysis, the metallographic examination, the scanning electron microscope and the energy spectrum analysis and other methods, the cause of the corrosion cracking of the trachea of TP316 stainless steel was analyzed. The results show that the chemical composition of the trachea accords with the corresponding material standards. The energy spectrum analysis shows the deposition of sulfur and chlorine in the leaking area. The microstructure contains the deformed martensite and the solution treatment is not sufficient. In addition, After cold-drawn without stress relief annealing, the gas introduced into the tube contains sulfur, chlorine and other impurity elements, resulting in the inner surface of the trachea stress corrosion cracking, cracks continue to expand, eventually leading to tracheal leakage. Therefore, stress corrosion is the main cause of tracheal leakage.