Amorphous Si waveguides with gradient refractive index cladding structure are proposed and fabricated using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. Compared with 6 dB/cm for ridge waveguide without gradient cladding, the propagation loss of the
Digital holography records the entire wavefront of an object, including amplitude and phase. To reconstruct the object numerically, we can backpropagate the hologram with Fresnel–Kirchhoff integral-based algorithms such as the angular spectrum method and
The unamplified spontaneous emission (SE) is one of the important physical processes of the light–matter interaction in a diode laser in terms of Einstein’s theory. The recent research on a kind of new indium-rich cluster (IRC) laser structure did not rev