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一、概况 本世纪50年代以来,随着宇航工业而发展起来的新型碳材料,经历了近40年的研究与开发,现已表明,在一切难于找到合适材料的特殊环境气氛中,新型碳材料都可以作为一个强有力的候选者而被重视。 新型碳材料在一般地壳里较为罕见,在常规条件下也难于形成,日本学术界称之为“惊异”的碳素,在美国则称为“奇妙”的材料。现在自然界各种无机和有机新材料,其力学、耐热、抗腐蚀、耐磨耗等主要性能,还未出现能够与它相匹敌的。 新型碳材料发展初期,主要应用于宇航、军用武器制造等尖端科学技术方面,近年来随着其本身的发展,逐渐转向民用工业材料方面。
I. Overview Since the 1950s, the new carbon materials developed along with the aerospace industry have undergone nearly 40 years of research and development. It has now been shown that in the special environment in which it is difficult to find suitable materials, the new carbon materials Can be valued as a strong candidate. The new carbon materials are rare in the general crust and difficult to form under normal conditions. Japanese academics call it “amazing” carbon, and in the United States it is called a “marvelous” material. Now a variety of inorganic and organic new materials in nature, its mechanical properties, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and other major properties, has not yet appeared to be able to rival it. The early development of new carbon materials, mainly used in aerospace, military weapons manufacturing and other cutting-edge science and technology, in recent years as its own development, and gradually turned to civilian industrial materials.