在1980—1990年代开始的全球化浪潮中,中国和俄罗斯先后从中央计划经济向市场经济转型。在转型过程中,两国都没有完全采纳“华盛顿共识”的价值观和机制,但却以更强大、更稳定的国家形象出现。文章比较了两国政治经济转型的初始条件、领导人的政策选择和面临的外部经济环境,指出了两国转型模式的异同之处。文章最后认为,两国都会产生一种新的受管制的市场发展模式。 In the wave of globalization that began in the 1980-1990s, China and Russia successively transformed from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. In the course of the transition, neither of the two countries fully adopted the values ​​and mechanisms of the Washington Consensus, but emerged as a stronger and more stable national image. The article compares the initial conditions for the political and economic transition in the two countries, the policy choices of the leaders and the external economic environment they face, and points out the similarities and differences between the two countries’ transformation models. The article concludes that both countries will have a new regulated market development model.