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科技场馆在科普教育中的重要地位日益凸显,大力发掘其教育功能是国内外科学教育领域关注的热点话题。本研究采用话语分析的方法,对初中学生在参观科技馆过程中的典型对话类型和先前知识对对话的影响进行了深入探讨。本研究发现:(1)学生在科技馆中的学习对话类型主要包括描述、联系个人经验、解释、情感表达和行为指导,但学习对话数量较少;(2)先前知识能促进学生通过解释展品,来更好地理解科学概念和原理;(3)先前知识丰富的学生在参观中体验到更多积极情绪,并更倾向于反思行为效果。同时,本研究建议从展品内容和参观形式两方面来促进学生科技馆学习效果。
The importance of science and technology venues in science popularization education has become increasingly prominent. To explore their educational functions is a hot topic in the field of science education at home and abroad. This study uses a discourse analysis method to investigate the influence of the typical dialogues of junior high school students visiting science and technology museums and the influence of prior knowledge on the dialogue. The study found that: (1) The types of learning dialogues of students in science and technology museum mainly include description, personal experience, explanation, emotional expression and behavioral guidance, but the number of learning conversations is small; (2) prior knowledge can promote students’ , To better understand the concepts and principles of science; (3) Previously knowledgeable students experienced more positive emotions during their visit and were more inclined to reflect on behavioral effects. At the same time, this study suggests to promote the learning effect of students’ science and technology museums from both the content and the form of visits.