论文部分内容阅读
1.泥煤、褐煤和风化烟煤中的氮素都极为稳定,将它们直接作肥料使用,对作物没有增产效果。各种煤的氨化产品都有肯定的增产效果,可以作氮肥施用,但肥效大小和径济价值则随氢化条件而不同,湿式氨化和较低温度(室温和100℃)的干式氨化产品的肥效较高。湿式氢化所需设备简单,操作方便,较宜在农村中采用。2.氨化产品的肥效主要表现于当季作物,对第二、三季作物的后效较小。产品的肥效大小与产品中全氮量无关,而与铵态氮含量有明显的相关性,大部分非铵态氮均不能被植物所利用。3.根据不同温度氨化处理产品的组成和特性研究,讨论了矿物煤在加热氨化处理中可能的主要化学过程。湿式氨化和较低温度(室温和100℃)的干式氨化过程,主要是氨和有机质酸根之间生成铵盐的反应,所以生成的铵态氮在全氮中所占比例较高。此外,也发生了轻度的圜化和精合反应,因而使不水解氮有少量增加。在200℃时,易水解氮呈现较大增加等事实表明,生成酰胺态化合物的反应有了增长;同时,难水解氮和不水解氮大幅度增长的事实说明圜化和缩合反应已显著加剧。在300℃时,从产品收率下降以及铵态氮减少,而难水解氮和不水解氮激烈增加等事实来制断,有机质发生了分解且圜化和缩合反应更进一步加剧了。
1. Nitrogen in peat, lignite and weathered bituminous coal are extremely stable, they are used directly as fertilizer, no effect on crop yield. Various types of coal ammoniated products have a positive effect of increasing production, can be used for nitrogen fertilizer, but fertilizer size and economic value with the hydrogenation conditions are different, wet ammoniation and the lower temperature (room temperature and 100 ℃) dry ammonia Fertilizer products higher efficiency. Equipment required for wet hydrogenation is simple, easy to operate, and is preferable for use in rural areas. 2. The efficiency of ammoniated products is mainly manifested in seasonal crops, the second and third crop less after-effects. Fertilizer size of the product has nothing to do with total nitrogen in the product, but with ammonium nitrogen content has obvious correlation, most of the non-ammonium nitrogen can not be used by plants. According to the study of the composition and characteristics of ammoniated products at different temperatures, the possible main chemical processes of mineral coal in the heat ammoniation process are discussed. Wet ammoniation and lower temperature (room temperature and 100 ℃) dry ammoniation process, mainly ammonia and the formation of ammonium salt between the reaction of organic acid, so the ammonium nitrogen generated in a higher proportion of total nitrogen. In addition, slight alkalization and refinement reactions have also occurred, resulting in a small increase in non-hydrolyzable nitrogen. The fact that the amount of readily hydrolyzable nitrogen increases greatly at 200 ° C shows that the reaction to produce the amide compound has increased. Meanwhile, the fact that the amount of hardly hydrolyzed nitrogen and non-hydrolyzable nitrogen have increased substantially indicates that the degree of alkylation and condensation has been significantly increased. At 300 ℃, the decomposition of organic matter and the degradation and condensation reaction further exacerbated by the fact that the yield of the product decreased and the amount of ammonium nitrogen decreased while that of hardly hydrolyzed nitrogen and non-hydrolyzed nitrogen increased severely.