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在认知科学的发展中,还原论曾是其首选的方法论原则,认知主义是其主要代表。后起的具身认知主义以反还原论为方法论原则,延展认知主义以非还原论为方法论原则,他们代表的新进路被认为是对前者的替代研究方案。但是,后两者存在明确的分界线。这条分界线表明三者在对待“表征”概念的态度上,延展认知主义仅仅希望对认知主义作出一定扩充。因此,还原论和非还原论之间存在的关联要比反还原论更紧密。
In the development of cognitive science, reductionism was once the preferred methodological principle, and cognitivism was its main representative. The later cognacism takes anti-reductionism as the methodological principle and extends cognitiveism non-reductionism as the methodological principle. The new approach they represent is considered as an alternative research program to the former. However, there is a clear dividing line between the latter two. This dividing line shows that in terms of their attitude toward the notion of “characterization ”, extension of cognitiveism only hopes to make some expansion of cognitiveism. Therefore, the relationship between reductionism and non-reductionism is more closely related than anti-reductionism.