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目的:通过研究了解上海现代五项运动员的膳食结构、营养和代谢状况存在的主要问题,给予针对性的科学膳食营养建议和营养补充措施。方法:(1)膳食调查法:采用连续3天食物称重法和记录法,称量并记录每餐各种食物烹调前的净重、烹调后的熟重及每名运动员餐前及剩余的饭菜重量,按生熟比值计算出每名运动员摄入各种食物原料生重量,对三餐外的食物及饮料采用记录法记录。(2)尿负荷试验:荧光法测定尿维生素B1、B2,比色法测定尿维生素C含量。结果:运动员平均每天能量摄入不足;运动员的维生素C营养状况良好;维生素B1不足和缺乏比例较大;维生素B2不足较多。结论:上海现代五项运动员每日膳食营养摄入量较低,三大营养素的供能比不合理,一日三餐不均衡,钾、钙、锌等矿物质和B组维生素摄入量不足,因此需要加强营养教育,科学合理地膳食。
OBJECTIVE: To study and understand the main problems existing in the diet, nutrition and metabolism status of modern pentathletes in Shanghai and to provide targeted scientific dietary nutrition advice and nutrition supplement measures. Methods: (1) dietary survey method: using three consecutive days of food weighed method and recording method, weighing and recording each meal before cooking food net weight, cooked cooked weight and each athlete before meals and the remaining meals Weight, according to the ratio of raw and cooked to calculate each athlete intake of raw materials of raw materials of various weight, three meals outside of food and drink records. (2) urine load test: Determination of urinary vitamins by fluorescent method B1, B2, urine colorimetric determination of vitamin C content. Results: The average daily energy intake of athletes is not enough; athletes’ vitamin C nutrition is good; the deficiency and deficiency of vitamin B1 are large; and the deficiency of vitamin B2 is more. Conclusion: Shanghai modern pentathletes have lower dietary intakes, less energy supply than the three nutrients, three meals a day, minerals such as potassium, calcium, zinc and vitamin B in group B are insufficient Therefore, we need to strengthen nutrition education and scientifically reasonable diet.