迄今,关于钢锻件(或轧材)中的“鸟巢”缺陷的报导仍然较少,这与“鸟巢”难于被发现和它容易被误认为是缩孔有关。我们借助于扫描电子显微镜,分析了“鸟巢”缺陷的特征及形成原因。分析结果表明,“鸟巢”缺陷是大型钢锭(或钢坯)中的横向内裂纹在锻造(或轧制)后形成的。预防“鸟巢”缺陷的措施主要是减小钢锭冷却过程中的热应力。 To date, there have been few reports of defects in the “bird’s nest” in steel forgings (or rolled stockings), which are related to the fact that the “Bird’s Nest” is hard to detect and that it is easily mistaken for shrinkage. We used the scanning electron microscope to analyze the characteristics of the “Bird’s Nest” defect and its causes. The analysis showed that the “bird’s nest” defect was the formation of a transverse internal crack in a large ingot (or billet) after forging (or rolling). Prevention of the “nest” defect measures mainly to reduce the thermal stress in the ingot cooling.