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目的 了解山羊颈部动脉的正常解剖关系和组织学结构 ,为开展颈动脉切除重建提供参考。方法 全麻下对 15只普通成年山羊的双侧颈部进行手术解剖 ,测量颈总动脉和颈外静脉的中点外径。切取 1cm长的动、静脉段作HE染色 ,光镜检查。选择 2只动物行颈动脉直接穿刺造影 ,观察颈动脉分支和走行。以激光多普勒血流仪记录正常颈动脉血流信号。结果 颈外静脉的平均外径为左侧 5 .4mm ,右侧 5 .3mm。颈总动脉左侧平均外径为3.8mm ,右侧为 3.6mm。颈总动脉分支位置较高 ,接近第 2颈椎水平。组织学检查发现 ,羊的颈总动脉中膜平滑肌层较厚 ,10～ 15层。颈外静脉壁菲薄 ,含有瓣膜 ,肌层仅 1～ 2层。结论 羊的颈总动脉和颈外静脉较长 ,口径较粗(3～ 5mm ) ,组织学结构类似人的大血管 ,颈总动脉的分支部位较高 ,比较适于颈动脉重建的实验研究。
Objective To understand the normal anatomy and histology of goat neck artery and provide reference for the resection and reconstruction of carotid artery. Methods The bilateral neck of 15 common adult goats were dissected under general anesthesia. The midpoint OD of the common carotid artery and external jugular vein were measured. Cut 1cm long dynamic and venous segments for HE staining, light microscopy. Two animals were selected to perform direct carotid artery puncture angiography to observe the carotid artery branches and walk. The normal carotid artery blood flow signal was recorded by laser Doppler flowmeter. Results The average external jugular vein diameter of 5.4 mm left, right 5.3 mm. The left common carotid artery average diameter 3.8mm, the right is 3.6mm. Carotid artery branches higher position, close to the 2nd cervical level. Histological examination found that the sheep’s common carotid artery smooth muscle membrane thicker, 10 to 15 layers. External jugular vein wall thin, containing valves, muscular layer only 1 to 2 layers. Conclusion The common carotid artery and external jugular veins of the sheep are relatively long (3 to 5 mm) in diameter with large histological structures and large branches of the common carotid artery, which are more suitable for the experimental study of carotid artery reconstruction.