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光譜化學分析的一般概况(一)基本原理:光譜化学分析是利用物理方法來解决物質的化学成份問題。由於近四五十年來对原子光譜研究的結果,奠定了光譜化学分析的理論基礎。按照原子構造的学說,原子核外的電子是沿着圓形或橢圓形的軌道圍繞着原子核旋轉的。原子在正常状態時,它的軌道最小,能量也最低。当正常的原子受到激發時, 光譜分析所依據的基本原理,就是不同的原子,可以有不同的輻射。例如由於彼此的碰撞,原子可以得到一部分能量,因而變成激發狀態,但原子的激發狀態並不是穩定的,大約經过8-10秒鐘的時間,它就把它所得到的多餘的能量輻射出來,而回到正常状態。研究輻射波長的問題即為定性分析;研究輻射的强度問題即為定量分析。因此从事光譜化学分析的工作者,应該首
A general overview of spectral chemical analysis (A) Fundamentals: Spectrochemical chemical analysis is the use of physical methods to solve the chemical composition of matter issues. Due to the results of atomic spectroscopy research in the past four decades or so, the theoretical basis of spectral chemical analysis has been laid. According to the doctrine of atomic structure, the electrons outside the nucleus rotate around the nucleus along circular or elliptical orbits. When the atom is in its normal state, it has the smallest orbit and lowest energy. When normal atoms are excited, the basic principle behind spectral analysis is different atoms that can have different radiations. For example, due to collisions with each other, the atom can gain some energy and thus become excited, but the excited state of the atom is not stable. After about 8-10 seconds, it radiates the extra energy it gets , And back to normal. The problem of studying the wavelength of radiation is the qualitative analysis; the problem of studying the intensity of radiation is the quantitative analysis. Therefore, workers engaged in spectral chemical analysis should be the first