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以叶面积差异极显著的黄瓜小叶自交系‘SJ57-h’和大叶自交‘系SJ11-1’配制成的P1、P2、F1、F2、B1、B2等6个世代为材料,应用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,结合春秋两季的试验数据,研究了叶面积的遗传规律。结果表明:春季和秋季叶面积的最适遗传模型均为E-0模型,即叶面积由两对加性—显性—上位性主基因+加性—显性—上位性多基因控制,且均具有大叶亲本优势,即叶面积大小更趋近于大叶亲本。春季,B1、B2和F2分离世代的主基因遗传力分别为75.1%、26.59%和61.19%,多基因遗传力分别为0.36%、55.41%和21.39%,环境方差占表型方差的比例分别为25.03%、73.79%和39.01%;秋季B1、B2和F2分离世代的主基因遗传力分别为80.16%、34.82%和86.59%,多基因遗传力分别为0、49.18%和0,环境方差占表型方差的比例分别为20.43%、65.48%和13.51%,表明黄瓜叶面积主要受两对主基因控制,B2世代受环境影响较大,B1、F2世代主基因选择率较高,B2世代多基因选择率较高,应该在早期世代进行选择。
Six generations of P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2, which were made from cucumber inbred line ’SJ57-h’ with big leaf area difference and SJ11-1 with big leaf selfing line, were used as materials Main gene + polygene mixed genetic model, combined with spring and autumn seasons of the experimental data to study the genetic law of leaf area. The results showed that the most suitable genetic model for leaf area in spring and autumn was E-0 model, that is, leaf area was controlled by two pairs of additive-dominance-epistatic major genes plus additive-dominance-epistatic polygenes Both have the advantage of leafy parents, that is, the size of leaf area is closer to the leafy parent. In spring, the heritability of main genes of segregating generations B1, B2 and F2 were 75.1%, 26.59% and 61.19% respectively, and the heritabilities of multiple genes were 0.36%, 55.41% and 21.39%, respectively. The proportions of environmental variance to phenotypic variance were 25.03%, 73.79% and 39.01% respectively. The heritability of main genes of the segregating generations B1, B2 and F2 in autumn was 80.16%, 34.82% and 86.59%, respectively. The heritabilities of multiple genes were 0, 49.18% and 0 respectively. Type variance was 20.43%, 65.48% and 13.51%, respectively, indicating that cucumber leaf area was mainly controlled by two pairs of major genes, the B2 generation was greatly affected by the environment, the major gene selection rate was higher in the B1 and F2 generations, the B2 gene multiple genes The higher the selection rate, you should choose from the early generations.