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基于改进的通用土壤流失方程对澜沧江流域生态系统的土壤保持功能及其空间分布特征进行分析.结果表明:澜沧江流域是我国生态系统土壤保持能力最高的区域之一,其年均土壤保持量为2.36×1010t.a-1,单位面积土壤保持量为1453.72t.hm-2;土壤N、P、K元素保持量分别为5.74×107、3.07×107和3.75×108t.a-1,从上游至下游呈递增趋势.各类生态系统中,森林生态系统土壤保持能力最高,草地和农田其次,荒漠生态系统最差.不同生态系统的土壤保持能力均随植被盖度的增加呈线性增长.澜沧江流域生态系统的植被盖度每增加10%,其土壤保持能力平均增加35.3%.在对该区域生态系统进行保护的基础上,因地制宜地合理增加植被盖度对防治土壤侵蚀、保持土壤养分可以起到良好效果.
The results showed that the Lancang River basin is one of the highest soil retentive ecosystems in our country and the annual average soil conservation is 2.36 × 1010t.a-1, and the soil conservation amount per unit area was 1453.72t.hm-2. The contents of N, P and K in soil were 5.74 × 107,3.07 × 107 and 3.75 × 108t.a-1, The trend of increasing in the downstream showed that in all kinds of ecosystems, the forest ecosystems had the highest soil holding ability, followed by the grassland and farmland, followed by the desert ecosystem.The soil retention ability of different ecosystems increased linearly with the increase of vegetation cover.The Lancang River Basin For every 10% increase in the vegetation cover of the ecosystem, the soil retention capacity will increase by 35.3% on average.Based on the protection of the ecosystem in this area, it is reasonable to increase the vegetation coverage according to the local conditions to prevent soil erosion and keep the soil nutrients Good effect.