球孢子菌病是流行于美国西南部和中、南美洲部分地区的全身性真菌病。大多数人感染粗球孢子菌后并无症状或仅有轻度病变,偶而也可引起各种部位的疾病,主要见于肺、骨和皮肤。将近16％的播散性球孢子菌可发生脑膜炎。假如未予治疗,患者通常死亡。全身和CSF内应用二性霉素B是常规治疗方法,死亡率可降至30％左右。但除了已认识的静脉治疗毒性作用外,CSF内二性霉素B还可引起明显的神经毒性反应。伊康唑(Itraconazole)是一种新的口服三唑类药物,在试管和临床上可对抗包括粗球孢子菌在内的各种真菌致病菌。 Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal disease that is endemic to the southwestern United States and parts of Central and South America. Most people infected with Coccidioidomycosis asymptomatic or only mild lesions, and occasionally can cause a variety of parts of the disease, mainly seen in the lungs, bones and skin. Meningitis can occur in nearly 16% of the disseminated coccidioides. If not treated, the patient usually dies. Whole body and CSF application of amphotericin B is a conventional treatment, the mortality rate can be reduced to about 30%. However, in addition to the known toxic effects of intravenous therapy, amphotericin B CSF can also cause a significant neurotoxic response. Itraconazole is a new oral triazole drug that is resistant to various fungal pathogens, including Coccidioides sp., Both in vitro and in clinical practice.