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高温热浪已成为世界范围内夏季频繁发生的极端气象灾害事件,威胁着人类健康。研究高温热浪人群健康风险的空间格局,可以识别灾害高风险区域,有助于预防和应对高温热浪灾害。本文以厦门市为例,在历史气象数据分析的基础上,建立了高温热浪案例库,分析了厦门高温热浪的基本特征。通过结合卫星遥感影像和人口统计数据,选取2010年的一次高温热浪事件,进行人口因子和环境因子叠加分析,研究了厦门市高温热浪人群健康风险的空间格局,得出如下结论:(1)厦门市高温热浪强度较轻,频率较高,偶尔会发生强等级高温热浪;(2)高温热浪人群健康的高风险区域集中在厦门本岛内,沿东北-西南方向呈带状分布,较高等级的风险热点主要位于湖里区江头街道的北部与东南部和思明区夏港街道大部分区域;(3)高温热浪人群健康风险的空间格局与环境和人口的空间分布特征密不可分。本文对完善国内高温热浪人群健康风险分析的科学体系具有重要意义。
High temperature heat waves have become frequent extreme weather disasters in summer in the world, threatening human health. Studying the spatial pattern of health risks of high-temperature heatwave populations can identify high-risk areas of disasters and help prevent and respond to high-temperature heatwave disasters. Taking Xiamen City as an example, based on the analysis of historical meteorological data, this paper establishes a case base of high temperature heat waves and analyzes the basic characteristics of high temperature heat waves in Xiamen. By combining satellite remote sensing images and demographic data, a heat wave heat wave event in 2010 was selected to analyze the population factors and environmental factors. The spatial pattern of health risks of high temperature heatwave population in Xiamen was studied. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The high-temperature heat waves in the city have relatively low intensity and high frequency, and occasionally strong high-temperature heat waves occur. (2) The high-temperature and high-temperature heat waves are concentrated in the island of Xiamen and distributed in a zonal pattern along the northeast-southwest. Are mainly located in the north and southeast of Jiangtou Street in Huli District and most of Xiagang Sub-district in Siming District. (3) The spatial pattern of health risks of high temperature heatwave population is closely related to the spatial distribution of environment and population. This article is of great significance to improve the scientific system of health risk analysis of high temperature heatwave population in China.