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目的：通过比较微小RNA（miRNA）在急性髓性白血病（AML）与对照组骨髓样本中的表达情况，发现在AML中异常表达的miRNA。方法提取骨髓样本总 RNA ，应用Illumina高通量测序技术对15例 AML患者（AML组）和10例骨髓象正常的贫血或发热原因待查患者（对照组）骨髓样本中的miRNA 表达水平进行检测，分析比较二者miRNA表达的差异。结果 AML 样本与对照样本间差异表达的 miRNA 共307种，其中232种miRNA在AML组呈表达上调，75种miRNA呈表达下调。结论多种miRNA 在AML患者的骨髓样本中异常表达，提示它们可能在AML发生和发展过程中起重要调控作用。“,”Objective To investigate the differentially expressed microRNA (miRNA ) of bone marrow sam‐ples between the patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and their controls .Methods Total RNAs were ex‐tracted from the bone marrow samples of 15 acute myeloid leukemia patients (AML group) and 10 unexplained ane‐mia or fever patients with normal bone marrow morphology (control group) ,then were applied to perform global miR‐NA expression analyses by Illumina deep sequencing technology .Results In total ,307 differentially expressed miR‐NAs including 232 up‐regulated and 75 down‐regulated miRNAs were indentified in AML group compared with con‐trol group according to the high‐throughput sequencing data .Conclusion The altered expression profile of miRNA in bone marrow samples of AML patients implies that differentially expressed miRNAs maybe plays roles in the patho‐genesis of AML .