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关于分裂权利的研究,一直是国际学界在分裂主义研究中重点关注的一个问题。许多西方学者基于自由民主的角度,对分裂权利的正义性进行辩护。这些为分裂权利进行辩护的理论大体可以分为自决权理论、基本权利理论和唯一补救权利理论三类。这些关于分裂权利正义性的论述对相关国家的反分裂工作造成了消极的影响,但中国学界未能发出自己的声音。虽然这些理论打着自由民主的旗号,但在理论上却是反自由、反民主的,而且在实践上也是矛盾和缺乏解释力的。同时,这些理论未能把握分裂主义的本质性要素,即领土的因素,无视这种单方的领土分裂诉求对所在国领土和主权完整乃至于国际秩序的冲击;它们也忽视了分裂主义常常表现出来的暴力性和恐怖性以及这种极端政治诉求对人权、和平与自由的践踏;在分裂主义的领土性和暴力性的挑战下,分裂并非解决民族冲突、保护少数权利的可行路径。
The research on the right of division has always been one of the major concerns of the international academic community in the study of separatism. Many Western scholars have defended the justness of separatist rights from the perspective of freedom and democracy. These theories of defense of the right to split can generally be divided into three categories: the theory of self-determination, the theory of fundamental rights and the theory of the right to remedy one. These expositions on the justness of the right to split have a negative impact on the anti-separatist work in the countries concerned, but the Chinese academic circles have failed to make their own voices. Although these theories have the banner of freedom and democracy, they are theoretically anti-free and anti-democratic and contradict and lack explanatory power in practice. At the same time, these theories fail to grasp the essential elements of separatism, territorial elements, and ignore the unilateral claim of splittism on the territorial integrity and sovereignty of their host country and even the international order. They also ignore the fact that separatism often manifests The violent and terrible nature of this extreme political appeal and the trampling on human rights, peace and freedom. Under the challenge of separatist territoriality and violence, separatism is not a viable route to resolving ethnic conflicts and protecting the rights of minorities.