自从费孝通先生提出我国各民族是多元一体格局这一概念以来,国内外学术界围绕这一概念曾进行过多次激烈的争议。有的学者认为,这是一个政治性的概念,而有的学者认为,这是一个观念形态的概念。本文作者凭借这一概念提出的时代背景和学术背景,并结合我国民族过程的悠久历史证明无论是“多元”还是“一体”都是针对民族文化而言的概念。中华民族是经过长期历史过程形成的跨文化共享的多民族聚合体,这样的聚合体是并存多元文化长期互动后必然呈现的文化辐合现象。因此,“多元一体”概念的提出是民族学族际关系理论延伸发展的必然结果。 Since Mr. Fei Xiaotong proposed that all ethnic groups in our country be pluralistic and integrated, the academic circles at home and abroad have conducted many heated disputes around this concept. Some scholars think that this is a political concept, while some scholars think that this is a concept of concept. Based on the background of the times and the academic background proposed by this concept, the author of this article, combined with the long history of the national process in our country, has proved that both “pluralism” and “oneness” are concepts aimed at the national culture. The Chinese nation is a cross-culturally-shared multi-ethnic conglomeration formed through long-standing historical processes. Such an assemblage is a phenomenon of cultural convergence that inevitably emerges after the coexistence of multiculturalism. Therefore, the proposition of the concept of “pluralistic integration” is the inevitable result of the extension and development of ethnological theory of ethnology.