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公元前121年,霍去病带兵从今呼和浩特并银川和兰州,过黄河,直奔河西走廊,在焉支山击败了匈奴右贤王的主力部队,并很快深入今敦煌一带。自此,敦煌以南地区,即今河西走廊及兰州、银川、巴彦浩特等地被纳入西汉版图。这是一次开天辟地的壮举,标志着汉武帝及其臣子们决战匈奴的决定性胜利。强盛百年、雄踞蒙古高原百年的匈奴大部落联盟由此暗淡,并很快分裂,最终在世界东方历史上慢慢消失。此后,敦煌、酒泉、张掖和武威河西四郡成为中央帝国辖境。
In 121 BC, Huo Qubing led troops from present Hohhot and Yinchuan and Lanzhou, across the Yellow River, went straight to the Hexi Corridor, defeated the main force of the Huns Right Wisdom King in Yan Beishan, and soon deep into this Dunhuang area. Since then, south of Dunhuang, now Hexi Corridor and Lanzhou, Yinchuan, Bayanhot and other places into the Western Han territory. This is an epoch-making feat, marking the decisive victory of Han Wudi and his ministers in their battle against the Huns. The powerful Hundred-year-old Hundred Hunanese Confederate tribal alliance that dominates the Mongolian Plateau thus bleak and quickly split up and eventually disappeared in the eastern world history. Since then, Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Zhangye and Wuwei Hexi four counties become the territory of the Central Empire.