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护理保险的实施,使得日本老年护理结构发生了变化,它强化了国家和市场的作用。国家有提供护理服务责任的认识被广泛认同,现在更多的人可以要求获得国家的援助。然而,护理保险制度中规定个人必须负担一部分费用,因此个人的贫富差异带来了制度利用中的差异。与此同时,被限制的护理市场也是导致护理人员劳动条件恶化的主要原因。通过对生活时间的调查分析,明确了护理保险制度的实施,减少了照料护理需求度较高老人的家庭负担。但是,护理中存在的家庭主义结构并没有从根本上获得改变。或者可以说,是家庭主义和社会性别的不平等支撑了护理保险制度。为了完善护理保险制度的不足,应该减轻个人负担费用和增加公共护理机构。
The implementation of nursing insurance has changed the structure of Japan’s aged care and strengthened the role of the country and the market. Awareness of the country’s responsibility to provide care services is widely recognized, and more people can now request state aid. However, the system of nursing care insurance stipulates that individuals must bear part of the cost, so the difference between the rich and the poor brings about the differences in the utilization of the system. At the same time, the restricted nursing market is also a major cause of deteriorating workforce conditions. Through the investigation and analysis of life time, the implementation of the nursing insurance system has been clarified, and the family burden of the elderly with higher care needs has been reduced. However, there is no fundamental change in the structure of familialism in care. Or, to be fair, familial and gender inequalities support the care insurance system. In order to improve the insufficiency of the nursing insurance system, the burden of individual burden should be lightened and the public nursing agency should be increased.