目的:探讨脊髓空洞症的临床特点及诊疗方法。方法:对近8 a收治的38例脊髓空洞症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:青年人多发,缓慢进展;常合并脊柱侧弯畸形、颅底异常、小脑和脑干异常(Arnold-chiari畸形I型)等先天性缺陷;多出现在颈胸段,特别是下颈段和上胸段;主要表现为节段性分离性感觉障碍、下神经元瘫痪、植物神经功能障碍和受损节段平面以下的长束体征。结论:MRI是目前诊断本病最准确的方法;内科无特效治疗,外科治疗近期效果较好,但仍可能复发;强调早期诊断并及时手术治疗。 Objective: To investigate the clinical features and diagnosis and treatment of syringomyelia. Methods: The clinical data of 38 patients with syringomyelia admitted in recent 8 years were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Young people often developed slowly and progressively. Congenital defects such as scoliosis deformity, skull base abnormality, abnormalities of cerebellum and brainstem (Arnold-chiari malformation type I) were often found in the neck, especially in the lower cervical neck And the upper thoracic segment; mainly manifested as segmental debility disorders, paralysis of inferior neurons, autonomic dysfunction and impaired long bundle signs below the level of the impaired segment. Conclusion: MRI is the most accurate method for the diagnosis of this disease. There is no effective treatment for internal medicine. Surgical treatment is effective in the near future, but it may still recur. Emphasis on early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment.