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作为平等主义正义论者,柯亨一直致力于批评和反思罗尔斯的差别原则,在2008年出版的《拯救正义和平等》一书中,柯亨依然高度关注这一主题。在柯亨看来,罗尔斯的差别原则并不是一个通过对最不利者进行补偿而导向平等的原则,反之,差别原则与不平等,乃至较大的不平等是兼容的,并且,这样一种不平等不能从正义的角度得到辩护。在该书中,柯亨不仅论证了差别原则的运用与不必要的不平等兼容,而且挑战了差别原则本身,认为差别原则由于认同源于道德任意性的不平等,因而不是绝对正义的原则。然而,尽管柯亨的批评有助于罗尔斯的支持者重新检视和反思罗尔斯正义论的某些基本原则和观点,但他的平等主义正义观在本质上只是一种理论乌托邦。
As an egalitarian justice, Cohen has always been committed to criticizing and reflecting on Rawls’s principle of difference. In his book “Saving Justice and Equality,” published in 2008, Cohen still paid close attention to this topic. In Cohen’s view, Rawls’s principle of difference is not a principle that leads to equality by compensating the most disadvantaged; on the contrary, the principle of difference is compatible with inequalities and even greater inequalities and, as such, Inequality can not be defended from the perspective of justice. In the book, Cohen not only demonstrates that the application of the principle of difference is compatible with unnecessary inequality, but also challenges the principle of difference itself, arguing that the principle of principle of absolute justice is not the principle of principle of difference because it is based on inequalities of moral arbitrariness. However, although Cohen’s critique helps Rawls’s proponents to review and reflect on some of the basic principles and perspectives of Rawls’s justice theory, his egalitarian view of justice is essentially a theoretical utopia.