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目的分析南昌市近10年疟疾流行的特点,为制订疟疾防制策略提供依据。方法收集全市2005-2014年间疟疾疫情资料、个案调查表,描述流行病学方法分析疟疾病例在时间、地区和人群中的分布特点。结果 2005-2014年南昌市共发现疟疾112例,其中男110例,女2例。平均年发病率为0.2287/10万,其中2005-2011年间发病率呈上升趋势(χ~2=18.426,P<0.01),2011-2014年间发病率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.038,P=0.386)。输入性疟疾病例为108例,占总病例数的96.43%,本地复发病例4例,其中2例为间日疟。按发病地区分,前3位依次是青山湖区、进贤县和南昌县,分别为33、24和17例,西湖区、东湖区、青云谱区、新建县和湾里区分别为14、9、9、5和1例。病例主要集中在20~49岁年龄组,占总病例数的79.46%(89/112)。全年每月均有病例报告,无明显季节性。职业分析发现,往来非洲、东南亚等疟疾高发地区的务工人员(农民、工人和民工)为高危人群,分别占总病例数的25.0%(28/112)、23.2%(26/112)和11.6%(13/112)。结论输入性疟疾占南昌市疟疾病例的绝大多数,应作为今后疟疾防治工作的重点。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of malaria epidemic in Nanchang in recent 10 years and provide the basis for formulating malaria control strategy. Methods The malaria epidemic data and case questionnaires in the city from 2005 to 2014 were collected to describe the distribution characteristics of malaria cases in time, region and population by describing epidemiological methods. Results A total of 112 cases of malaria were found in Nanchang City from 2005 to 2014, including 110 males and 2 females. The average annual incidence was 0.2287 / 100 000, of which the incidence increased from 2005 to 2011 (χ ~ 2 = 18.426, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence between 2011 and 2014 (χ ~ 2 = 3.038, P = 0.386). The number of imported cases of malaria was 108 cases, accounting for 96.43% of the total number of cases. There were 4 local recurrence cases, of which 2 cases were Plasmodium vivax. According to the incidence of distinction, the first three followed by the Castle Lake District, Jinxian County and Nanchang County, respectively, 33,24 and 17 cases, the West Lake District, East Lake District, Qingyun spectrum, Xinjian County and Wanli District were 14,9 , 9,5 and 1 cases. The cases mainly concentrated in the age group of 20-49, accounting for 79.46% (89/112) of the total number of cases. There are monthly case reports throughout the year, with no obvious seasonal patterns. Occupational analysis found that migrant workers (peasants, workers and migrant workers) in areas with high incidence of malaria in Africa and Southeast Asia were at high risk, accounting for 25.0% (28/112), 23.2% (26/112) and 11.6% respectively of the total number of cases. (13/112). Conclusions Input malaria accounts for the majority of malaria cases in Nanchang and should be the focus of malaria control in the future.