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光化学是从十九世纪到二十世纪初期逐渐发展起来的一门科学。本世纪六十年代出现了激光技术,使光化学获得了崭新的武器。随着激光技术的不断发展,人们将激光所具有的优良特性应用于化学各个领域,并深入研究激光对化学变化的影响,于是诞生了一门崭新的边缘学科——激光化学。激光化学是研究激光和物质相互作用过程中物质的激发态的产生、结构、性质及其转化和能量传递规律的科学。因而激光化学的研究对象广义上包括激光在化学各个领域的应用,但主要是研究激光如何引发和控制化学反应。它可以引发特定的化学反应,甚至可引发过去不可能发生的化学反应。这种由激光引起的化学反应简称为激光化学反应,它是现代化学的一个新领域。由于广义的激光化学涉及的内容太广泛,本文将着重介绍激光所引起的化学反应。
Photochemistry is a science that has been gradually developed from the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. Laser technology emerged in the 1960s, giving the photochemistry a brand new weapon. With the continuous development of laser technology, people have applied the excellent characteristics of lasers to various fields of chemistry and studied the effects of lasers on chemical changes. Thus, a new edge discipline, laser chemistry, was born. Laser chemistry is a science that studies the generation, structure, properties, and the transformation and energy transfer laws of matter during the interaction between laser and matter. Therefore, the research object of laser chemistry broadly includes the application of laser in various fields of chemistry, but mainly studies how the laser triggers and controls chemical reactions. It can trigger specific chemical reactions and can even trigger chemical reactions that were not possible in the past. This kind of laser-induced chemical reaction is simply called laser chemical reaction, which is a new field of modern chemistry. Due to the broad scope of laser chemistry involved, this article focuses on the chemical reactions caused by lasers.