论文部分内容阅读
菜蓟为双子叶植物药菊科菜蓟的叶,有利胆和保肝作用,并有抗脂肪肝功效。试验采用的菜蓟提取复合物,其有效成分主要包括菜蓟提取物和氯化胆碱等,试验验证菜蓟提取复合物对尼罗罗非鱼生长性能、肝脏抗氧化机能、血浆生化指标和肝细胞的影响等。试验分为3组:空白对照组、黄曲霉毒素B(1AFB,100 mg/kg)攻毒阳性组和菜蓟提取复合物添加组(300 mg/kg菜蓟提取复合物+AFB 100 mg/kg)。8周的养殖试验结果表明:饲料中含AFB后,罗非鱼的增重率、特定生长率、成活率比对照组显著降低(P<0.05),成活率显著降低至50%,而饵料系数则显著提高1倍多(P<0.05);但在含AFB的饲料中补充了菜蓟提取复合物后,其增重率、特定生长率、成活率和饵料系数得到明显改善,与对照组相比没有显著差异(P>0.05);AFB的添加导致罗非鱼肌肉水分和肝脏粗脂肪含量显著增加和肌肉粗蛋白含量的显著下降(P<0.05),而在含AFB的饲料中补充了菜蓟提取复合物后,其肌肉水分、粗蛋白和肝脏粗脂肪含量与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);AFB的添加使罗非鱼的SOD和CAT活性及MDA生成量较对照组显著提高(P<0.05);补充菜蓟提取复合物后,MDA生成量较AFB组又显著降低(P<0.05);罗非鱼的Hct因AFB的添加而显著降低(P<0.05),而ALT、AST和AGP则显著提高(P<0.05);菜蓟提取复合物补充后,上述指标又恢复至与对照组相比无显著差异;饲喂含AFB日粮的罗非鱼细胞质空泡化,出现明显的核偏位和严重的脂肪浸润,在含AFB的日粮中补充菜蓟提取复合物后,罗非鱼肝脏组织中形成大量的嗜碱性细胞包围着坏死的细胞,但并未形成明显结节。结果表明,含一定剂量的黄曲霉毒素B(1AFB)的日粮对罗非鱼的生长会造成显著的负面影响,同时导致明显的肝损伤,而菜蓟提取复合物的补充能够减少罗非鱼的死亡,有效地保护其肝脏,并促进罗非鱼的生长。
As a dicotyledonous plant thistle, the artichoke leaf is beneficial to gall and liver protection and has anti-fatty liver effect. The tested compounds were extracted from the thistle, the active ingredients of which included the thistle extract and choline chloride. The effects of the extract from the thistle on the growth performance, liver anti-oxidation and plasma biochemical indexes The effects of hepatocytes and so on. The experiment was divided into three groups: blank control group, aflatoxin B (1AFB, 100 mg / kg) challenge positive group, and thistle extract complex addition group (300 mg / kg thistle extract complex + AFB 100 mg / kg ). The results of eight-week culture experiment showed that the weight gain rate, specific growth rate and survival rate of tilapia decreased significantly (P <0.05) and the survival rate decreased significantly to 50% (P <0.05). However, the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, survival rate and feed conversion coefficient of Pleurotus ostreatus were significantly improved in AFB-fed diets compared with the control group (P> 0.05). The addition of AFB resulted in a significant increase in muscle moisture and liver crude fat content and muscle crude protein content (P <0.05), while AFB supplemented diet Compared with the control group, the content of muscle moisture, crude protein and liver fat of the thistle extracted compound had no significant difference (P> 0.05). Compared with the control group, the addition of AFB increased the activities of SOD and CAT, (P <0.05). Compared with AFB group, the amount of MDA produced by Pleurotus intermedius decreased significantly (P <0.05). The Hct of Tilapia decreased significantly (P <0.05) due to the addition of AFB ALT, AST and AGP significantly increased (P <0.05); after the thistle extract complex was supplemented, the above indexes returned to normal compared with the control group Significant differences; feeding AFB diet containing tilapia cytoplasm vacuolization, significant nuclear deviation and severe fat infiltration, AFB diet supplemented with thistle extract complex, the liver tissue of tilapia In the formation of a large number of basophils surrounding the necrotic cells, but did not form significant nodules. The results showed that diets containing a dose of aflatoxin B (1AFB) had a significant negative effect on the growth of tilapia and at the same time resulted in significant liver damage, whereas the addition of the thistle extract complex reduced tilapia The death effectively protects its liver and promotes the growth of tilapia.