本文首先对现代西方人文主义思潮于现代化的反省、反叛作出内在的批评和省察,指出文化保守主义和非理性主义,作为工具理性过度膨胀背景下重建人文精神的两种基本取向,提出了许多有价值的思想,但总的说来,人文主义思潮从前现代化,到反现代化,到后现代主义,这一不断退缩的历史奏出的只是逐渐失去的传统人文精神的挽歌。接着,本文指出了马克思主义对于现代人文精神建构所具有的意义。现代西万人文主义思潮之所以未能完成重建人文精神的任务,一个根本性的原因就在于它们自觉不自觉地把人文精神的维持或重建,放置于现代化的对立面,从而采取一种阻止、取消、逃避现代化的立场。通过开掘人的社会性之本体论和现实性意义,马克思在历史观与价值观统一的基础上提出“人的全面而自由的发展”、“共产主义”诸论题。他的共产主义概念蕴含了一种新人文精神,这是一种内在性和超越性相统一的人文精神。因此,马克思主义为现代人文精神的建构提供了一条可能性途径。 This paper first criticizes and discards the modern Western introspection and revolt of modern Western ideological trend of thought and points out that cultural conservatism and irrationalism are two basic orientations in the reconstruction of humanistic spirit in the context of over-expansion of instrumental reasoning. But in general, the trend of humanism from the pre-modernization to the anti-modernization to postmodernism has only been the losing of the traditional humanistic spirit. Then, this article points out the significance of Marxism to the construction of modern humane spirit. One of the fundamental reasons for the failure of the modern West Mananese ideological trend to accomplish the task of rebuilding the humanistic spirit lies in their consciously and unconsciously placing the maintenance or reconstruction of the humanistic spirit in the antithesis to the modernization so as to take a preventive and ’ , To evade the stance of modernization. By digging out the ontological and practical significance of man’s sociality, Marx put forward the topics of “man’s all-round and free development” and “communism” on the basis of the unification of history and values. His concept of communism embodies a new humanistic spirit, a humanistic spirit that integrates both intrinsic and transcendental. Therefore, Marxism provides a possible way for the construction of modern humane spirit.