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山东省危害较重、发生普遍的大豆病害主要有大豆花叶病毒病,大豆根腐病、大豆霜霉病等。防治这些病害发生最经济有效的方法均是选用抗病品种。对于大豆花叶病毒病的防治,可建立留种田,及时拔除病株,以无褐斑粒的无病种子留作种用;及时防治蚜虫和加强肥水管理可减轻发病。与禾本科作物轮作也可有效防治大豆孢囊线虫,但轮作时间要求较长,严重地块可施用杀线虫剂进行防治,如用甲基异柳磷在播种前能较好防治线虫。对于防治大豆霜霉病,严格清除病粒,选用无病种子,并进行种子消毒。实行三年以上轮作,合理密植,增施磷钾肥等均可达到一定防效。
Shandong Province, the more serious damage, the prevalence of soybean diseases are soybean mosaic virus disease, soybean root rot, soybean downy mildew and so on. The most economical and effective way to control these diseases are to use resistant varieties. For the prevention and treatment of soybean mosaic virus disease, you can set up to stay farming, remove the diseased plants in time, leave the disease-free seeds without brown spot for seed; timely prevention and control of aphids and fertilizer and water management can reduce the incidence. Crop rotation with gramineous crops can also be effective in controlling Soybean Cyst nematode, but requires longer rotation time and severe nematodes can be applied to control the block, such as methyl isofenphos pretreatment can better control nematodes. For the control of soybean downy mildew, strictly remove the particles, the choice of disease-free seeds, and seed disinfection. The implementation of more than three years of rotation, rational close planting, increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium can reach a certain control effect.