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建立了稻瘟病菌对二穗短柄草的接种体系,观察了稻瘟病菌在二穗短柄草上的发病过程和特点,并与在水稻和大麦上的发病情况进行了比较。在人为接种稻瘟病菌的条件下,二穗短柄草的叶片、叶鞘、茎秆、穗部均可获病。利用稻瘟病菌孢子悬浮液对二穗短柄草进行苗期活体或离体接种,都能引发典型病斑。与大麦相比,二穗短柄草叶片上病斑的出现时间及发展速度更接近水稻。同时,二穗短柄草叶片上的接种和发病条件比水稻更易控制,病斑更具一致性。另外,稻瘟病菌致病突变体在二穗短柄草叶片上致病性变化(降低或丧失)趋势与在水稻上的情况一致。显微观察及组织化学染色表明,稻瘟病菌在二穗短柄草叶片上可有效形成附着胞,侵入叶片表皮细胞,形成典型的侵染菌丝,其过程与水稻近似。因此,二穗短柄草可以作为稻瘟病菌与寄主互作的研究材料,并有望为杂草上梨孢菌的研究提供可能的模式植物以及为农作物的抗病育种提供参考。
The inoculation system of Magnaporthe grisea to Brachypodium distachyon was established, and the pathogenesis and characteristics of Magnaporthe grisea on Brachypodium distachyon were observed and compared with those on rice and barley. Under the conditions of man-made inoculation of Magnaporthe grisea, the leaves, leaf sheaths, stalks and spikes of Euglena gracilis can all get disease. The use of Magnaporthe grisea spore suspension in the seedlings of Brachypodium distachyon inoculation in vivo or in vitro, can cause a typical lesion. Compared with barley, the occurrence time and the speed of development of lesion on the leaves of Brassica are closer to that of rice. In the meantime, the conditions of inoculation and incidence on the leaves of Brassicera are more easily controlled than that of rice and the lesions are more consistent. In addition, the trend of pathogenicity (decrease or loss) of pathogenic mutant of Magnaporthe grisea in Brachypodium distachyon was consistent with that on rice. Microscopic observation and histochemical staining showed that Magnaporthe grisea could effectively form adherent cells on the leaves of Brachypodium distachyon and invade the leaf epidermal cells and formed typical infected hyphae. The process was similar to that of rice. Therefore, B. distachyon can be used as a research material for the interaction between Magnaporthe grisea and the host, and it is expected to provide possible model plants for the research on B. punctatus and provide references for the disease-resistant breeding of crops.