历史上的哈萨克是一个多灾多难的民族。解放前哈萨克人民经历了一段与准噶尔部艰苦斗争、被军阀残杀、四处迁徙流浪的民族历史过程。解放后在中国共产党的关怀和领导下,哈萨克族的社会经济、文化发生了巨大的变迁,同时也正经历着快速发展的民族过程。随着中国工业化、城市化进程的加剧,为哈萨克族带来了发展机遇,同时也面临着挑战。本文以哈萨克民族过程的特点为启迪,指出游牧民族要发展,首先要有国家安定的政治底蕴为基础,各民族团结为前提;其次,游牧民族应发掘自身优点发展有民族特色的经济。最后,应大力开发人力资源,实现民族地区经济文化可持续发展。 History of Kazakhstan is a multi-national disaster. Before the liberation, the people of Kazakh history went through a process of national history that strenuously struggled with the Zungar Department, were murdered by the warlords, and strayed around. After the liberation, under the care and leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the social economy and culture of the Kazakh people have undergone tremendous changes, meanwhile they are also experiencing the rapid development of the national process. As China’s industrialization and urbanization have intensified, it has brought opportunities for development and challenges to the Kazakh nation. Inspired by the characteristics of Kazakh national process, this article points out that to develop nomadic ethnic groups, we must first have the political stability of the country as the basis and the unity of all ethnic groups as the prerequisite. Secondly, nomadic ethnic groups should explore their own advantages and develop their own national economy. Finally, we should vigorously develop human resources to achieve sustainable economic and cultural development in ethnic areas.