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采用滴灌、漫灌和沟灌的灌溉方式,分析了新疆干旱区典型盐碱地灌水前后土壤水分、盐分时间和空间运移规律。结果表明,滴灌后表层土壤含水量水平差异较沟灌、漫灌大;滴灌形成近倒圆锥型的土壤湿润区,沟灌则形成近似U型的土壤湿润区;滴灌在湿润层外围形成盐壳,沟灌的沟顶部分在返盐的作用下形成积盐,漫灌总体压盐效果较滴灌和沟灌好;与沟灌和漫灌相比,滴灌是最节水的,局部压盐效果较好的灌水方式。
The drip irrigation, flood irrigation and furrow irrigation were used to analyze the soil moisture, salinity time and spatial movement before and after irrigation in typical saline land in arid area of Xinjiang. The results showed that the difference of surface soil water content after drip irrigation was more significant than that of furrow irrigation and flood irrigation. Drip irrigation formed a nearly inverted conical soil wetting zone and furrow irrigation formed a soil moist zone of approximate U shape. The top part of the ditch formed salt accumulating under the action of returning salt, and the overall salt pressure effect of flood irrigation was better than that of drip irrigation and furrow irrigation. Compared with furrow irrigation and flood irrigation, drip irrigation was the most water-saving irrigation method with better effect of local pressure salt.