论文部分内容阅读
日本的海外直接投资,在60年代以设立贸易据点和确保资源为目的的投资为多。70年代以后,因受国内人工费用高和劳力不足的困扰,继而向亚洲的投资和以避免贸易摩擦为背景的对欧美的投资增加,生产基地逐步向海外转移。1986年以后,受日元升值的影响。日本企业的全球战略调整。是以研究各国的市场特点,选择最佳的生产、销售基地和在投资地域进行研究开发为重点,并将它们有机地结合起来。其全球战略的主要特点表现在:投资区域内的分工或是企业内的分工。1988年,日本向亚洲投资共935项,远比在其他地区的投资为多,其中以投资制造业较为活跃。可以说,日本企业的全球战略中,是要把这个地区作为低价格普及品和零部件生产的世界供给基地。从近几年电气机械生产的显著增加来看,日本企业以劳动密集型生产装配线向亚洲投资将成为主流,导致企业从海外生产据点、提供订单委托加工伙伴以及从投资合营方进口的产品急增,国内生产活动也积极地推进与海外联系。这不仅是在直接投资方面。其他与海外一体化相关的事业也十分活跃。可以说,日本企业的全球战略是全方位推进的。
Japan’s overseas direct investment in the 1960s was dominated by investments aimed at establishing trade bases and securing resources. After the 1970s, due to high labor costs and labor shortages in the country, investment in Asia and investment in Europe and the United States in the context of avoiding trade frictions increased, and production bases gradually shifted overseas. After 1986, it was affected by the appreciation of the yen. Japanese companies’ global strategic adjustments. It focuses on researching the market characteristics of various countries, selecting the best production and sales bases, and conducting research and development in the investment areas, and combining them organically. The main features of its global strategy are: the division of labor within the investment area or the division of labor within the company. In 1988, Japan invested a total of 935 investments in Asia, far more than in other regions, of which the investment manufacturing industry was more active. It can be said that the global strategy of Japanese companies is to use this area as a world supply base for the production of low-price products and parts. Judging from the significant increase in the production of electrical machinery in recent years, Japanese companies will invest in Asia with labor-intensive production assembly lines. This has led to an increase in the number of products imported from overseas production bases, commissioned processing partners, and imports from investment joint ventures. Domestic production activities also actively promote contact with overseas. This is not just about direct investment. Other businesses related to overseas integration are also very active. It can be said that the global strategy of Japanese companies is all-round.