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上层建筑是马克思思想中的一个重要范畴。上层建筑作为人与人之间在现实的生产关系(或经济基础)的基础上有意识地、自觉地形成的稳定的、普遍的、全面的社会关系,既包含社会存在的部分内容,也包含社会意识。社会的政治结构只是由社会的政治关系所构成的,而上层建筑除政治关系外,还应该包含其他种种社会关系,诸如道德关系、思想关系等。因此,政治结构无法涵盖上层建筑的内容,无法取代上层建筑。全面、合理地解读马克思的社会基本结构理论对于准确把握马克思的思想、正确认识现实社会的基本结构和矛盾进而解决现实社会中的种种问题都将具有非常现实的意义。
Superstructure is an important category in Marx’s thought. The superstructure, as a stable, universal and comprehensive social relationship formed consciously and consciously between people on the basis of realistic relations of production (or economic basis), includes not only part of the social existence but also the social awareness. The political structure of society is only constituted by the political relations of the society, and the superstructure should include other kinds of social relations besides the political relations, such as moral relations and ideological relations. Therefore, the political structure can not cover the superstructure and can not replace the superstructure. A comprehensive and reasonable interpretation of Marx’s basic social structure theory will have very realistic significance for accurately grasping Marx’s thinking, correctly understanding the basic structure and contradictions of the actual society and thus solving all kinds of problems in the real society.