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海德格尔和福柯时常被责难为伦理-政治的终结者,认为他们不愿意或无能于为合理的道德或政治判断提供基础。对海德格尔的责难一般都针对他思想的高度抽象的哲学化形式,他存在论的至高无上的优越地位以及他对“常人”的蔑视,因为这三者破坏了道德原则和政治责任。而谱系学的研究则使福柯相信规训的母体无处不在,所以并不存在最终的自由。静止的、规训化的力量网络是不可逃离的,一种“怀疑式的诠释学”取消了任何获得崇高的伦理与政治地基的希望。本文试图表明海德格尔和福柯确实为我们审慎的行为和思想,为我们的实践智慧提供了资源。通过规定一种引人注目的关于教养之培育的叙事,他们都含蓄地突出了道德与政治判断的重要性。
Heidegger and Foucault are often blamed for ethical-political terminators who think they are unwilling or incompetent to provide a basis for sound moral or political judgment. The censure of Heidegger is generally directed at the highly abstract philosophical form of his thought, his supremacy of ontological superiority, and his disdain for the “ordinary man,” as these undermine moral principles and political responsibilities. The study of pedigree, however, led Foucault to believe that the discipline of the mother is everywhere, so there is no ultimate freedom. A static, disciplined network of forces is not to be escaped, and a “skeptic hermeneutics” removes any hope of attaining a lofty ethical and political foundations. This article attempts to show that Heidegger and Foucault did indeed act prudently for our thinking and provide the resources for our practical wisdom. By imposing a compelling narrative on the cultivation of parenting, they implicitly underline the importance of moral and political judgments.