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社会学要回答“单个的人怎样组成了社会”这个问题。“社会行为”与“制度文化”这两个范畴 ,对把握“单个的人怎样组成了社会”的问题具有十分关键的作用。可以说 ,“社会行为与制度文化的相互关系” ,就是“单个的人怎样组成了社会”这个问题的理论表述形态。考察西方社会学发展史上形形色色的具体理论 ,归纳起来可以看作 ,一是人文主义社会学流派主张的“社会行为”决定“制度文化”的研究范式 ;二是实证主义社会学流派主张的“制度文化”决定“社会行为”的研究范式。因此可以说 :西方社会学的发展史 ,就是关于“社会行为和制度文化相互关系”的两种不同研究范式的学说史。另外 ,从范畴的学科属性看 ,“社会行为与制度文化的相互关系”是社会哲学中“个人与社会的关系”范畴在社会科学层次上的具体表达 ,它属于社会科学层次的范畴。将“社会行为与制度文化的相互关系”定义为社会学的研究对象 ,有利于解决我国社会学对象研究中一直困扰着研究者们的以下问题 :“社会学宏观研究和微观研究的同一性”问题 ,“社会学和其他社会科学在研究角度上的关系”问题 ,“研究对象和范畴体系的内在联系”问题 ,“理论研究和应用研究有机结合”的问题 ,以及“西方理论和本土理论的关系”问题。
Sociology wants to answer the question, “How did an individual form a society?” The two categories of “social behavior” and “institutional culture” play a crucial role in grasping the question of how an individual person is a part of society. It can be said that “the interrelationship between social behavior and institutional culture” is the theoretical formulation of the question “how does a single person form a society.” Investigating the history of western sociology in the development of all kinds of specific theories, summed up as can be seen, one is the genre of sociology of humanism advocated “social behavior” determines the “system culture” research paradigm; second is the positivist schools of thought sociology advocated “system Cultural ”decision“ social behavior ”research paradigm. Therefore, it can be said that the history of the development of western sociology is the history of two different kinds of research paradigms on the relationship between social behavior and institutional culture. In addition, judging from the disciplinary attribute of the category, “the interrelationship between social behavior and system culture” is the specific expression of the category of “relationship between individuals and society” in the social sciences at the level of social sciences. It belongs to the category of social sciences. The definition of “interrelationship between social behavior and institutional culture” as the research object of sociology helps to solve the following problems that plague researchers in the study of our sociology objects: “the identity of macro studies and micro studies in sociology” The issue of “the relationship between sociology and other social sciences in the research perspective”, the “internal connection between the object of study and the category system”, the “combination of theoretical research and applied research”, and the issue of “the relationship between the western theory and the indigenous theory Relationship ”problem.