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洛克对自然法的性质进行了详细的阐述,得出了自然法具有神意法和理性法双重属性的结论。这种性质界定具有模糊性,而且神意法与理性法在一定程度上是互相冲突的,因此受到后来学者的诟病;但洛克自然法理论中的这种模糊性源自其对于由理性所开启的现代性进程之谨慎态度。尽管洛克在一定程度上似乎更重视理性的作用,但理性也存在诸多问题:自然法是人类理性无法独证的,对于理性的偏执会在认识论上因缺乏根基而显得武断,而且自然法在政治上的应用及其说服力,仅仅依靠理性推演也是不够的。这些考虑最终使洛克走向一种谨慎的平衡策略——自然法既是神意法,也是理性法。此外,洛克还从上帝存在这一基本背景出发,引申出了人类应当服从的三类自然法义务,并从这三类自然法义务中推导出了人类的三大基本权利:生命、财产与自由,近代权利思想实发轫于此。
Locke elaborates the nature of natural law in detail, and draws the conclusion that natural law has the dual attributes of divine law and rational law. This definition of nature is ambiguous, and divine law and rational law to some extent are in conflict with each other, so by later scholars criticized; but Locke’s natural law theory of this ambiguity stems from the rational for the open The caution of the modernity process. Although Locke seems to attach more importance to the role of reason to a certain degree, there are still many problems in reason: natural law can not be divorced from human rationality, paranoid for reason can be arbitrary in epistemology due to lack of foundation, On the application and persuasion, relying on rational deduction is not enough. These considerations eventually led Locke to a cautious balancing strategy - natural law is both divine and rational. In addition, Locke also from the basic background of God’s existence, extended the three types of natural law obligations that mankind should obey, and derived from these three types of natural law obligations the three basic human rights: life, property and freedom The idea of modern rights was actually invented here.