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当代中国乡村道德贫困问题研究缺乏从文化角度深度展开,亦没有对“公权力集团”做出阶层区分。以理坑村为例对乡村道德贫困现象进行探讨,村民的美德正在丧失仅为表象,村民信德失范不应完全被宏观地描述为社会文化变迁的必然结果,而更应从微观上将其视为村民间接和隐蔽地不满地方政府行为的形式和产物。这种不满源于基层政府的所作所为被村民解释为自利的不正当行为。村民对基层“公权力集团”成员不当的行为方式、不公的政策安排及腐化的人格形象的不满与怨恨无法直接申诉,转而向其他相对弱势社会群体宣泄,这是村民行事的逻辑,也是理坑村出现道德贫困现象的根本原因。“公权力集团”成员及治理方式的不公正动摇着乡村社会既有的道德结构和道德文化,瓦解着村民继续市场化的热情,衍生出道德贫困。这种道德贫困的本质应该被表述为特定政治制度安排和政治文化下的自我道德戕害和隐秘的反抗形式的间接表达。因此,中国乡村道德建设的首要对象必须发生转向,即由村民转向地方政府等公权力集团。
The research on the moral poverty in the contemporary Chinese countryside lacks depth from a cultural point of view and does not make a stratum distinction between the “public power groups”. Taking Li-keng-kung as an example, this paper explores the phenomenon of rural moral poverty. The loss of villager’s virtues is only an appearance. The anomie of villagers should not be completely described macroscopically as the inevitable result of social and cultural change. Villagers indirectly and covertly dissatisfied with the forms and products of local government actions. This dissatisfaction stems from the behavior of the grassroots government is interpreted by villagers as unfair acts of self-interest. Villagers’ grievances and grudges against the grassroots “public power group ” members’ improper behavior, unfair policy arrangements and corrupt personality images can not be directly petitioned, but instead can be vented to other relatively disadvantaged social groups. This is the logic of the villagers’ It is also the fundamental reason for ethical poverty in Li-keng village. The injustice of members of the “public power group” and governance methods has shaken the existing moral structure and moral culture in rural society, dismantled the enthusiasm of villagers to continue marketization and derived moral poverty. The essence of such moral poverty should be expressed as an indirect expression of the self-molestation and covert form of resistance under certain political system arrangements and political culture. Therefore, the primary object of China’s rural moral construction must be turned from the villagers to public power groups such as local governments.