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低维纳米材料的研究是当前材料科学与其它学科交叉的前沿领域。为了降低制造成本以便工业生产某些具有特殊功能的人造分子和纳米器件，必须寻找在液相中大量复制和组装它们的技术。在液相中制造纳米粒子有两个最重要的问题需要解决。一是粒子在溶液中的稳定性；二是颗粒度和结构的控制。其中三维有序结构的构建是制造纳米分子器件的首要问题。本文简介辐射法合成金属纳米粒子的原理及其自组装条件的控制，并进一步阐述如何利用脉冲辐解研究其成核反应动力学。
The research of low-dimensional nanomaterials is the frontier of the current cross-cutting of materials science and other disciplines. In order to reduce manufacturing costs in order to industrially produce certain man-made molecules and nanodevices having special functions, it has been necessary to find a technique for massively copying and assembling them in the liquid phase. There are two most important issues that need to be addressed in the manufacture of nanoparticles in the liquid phase. One is the stability of particles in solution; the other is the control of particle size and structure. The construction of three-dimensional ordered structure is the most important issue for the fabrication of nanomolecular devices. In this paper, the principle of the radiation method for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and the control of their self-assembly conditions are briefly introduced. Furthermore, the kinetics of nucleation reaction by pulsed radiolysis is also discussed.