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微小RNA(miRNA)作为一种新发现的非编码单链小分子RNA,通过转录后调控,参与细胞的各种生命活动。其中的miR-21不仅是重要的癌基因,而且在干细胞的增殖与分化方面也发挥重要的调控作用。过表达miR-21对干细胞增殖与自我更新具有明显的抑制作用。MiR-21可通过靶向调控不同信号通路中的关键分子,影响干细胞的多向分化。MiR-21能促进干细胞向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、血管内皮细胞、雪旺细胞及胰腺细胞等方向分化。为此本文对miRNA-21对干细胞增殖与分化的影响及机制做一综述。
MicroRNA (miRNA), as a newly discovered non-coding single-stranded small molecule RNA, participates in various life activities of cells through post-transcriptional regulation. Among them, miR-21 is not only an important oncogene, but also plays an important regulatory role in the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Overexpression of miR-21 has a significant inhibitory effect on stem cell proliferation and self-renewal. MiR-21 can influence the multi-directional differentiation of stem cells by regulating the key molecules in different signaling pathways. MiR-21 can promote the differentiation of stem cells into adipocytes, osteoblasts, vascular endothelial cells, Schwann cells and pancreatic cells. To this end, the effects and mechanisms of miRNA-21 on stem cell proliferation and differentiation are reviewed.