亚当·沙夫（ＡｄａｍＳｃｈａｆｆ）曾担任过波兰统一工人党中央委员、波兰科学院哲学和社会学研究所所长，后因宣传“人道主义的马克思主义”的观点而被清除出党，一度被迫流亡国外。波兰统一工人党失去政权以及随之整个苏联和东欧国家的社会主义旗帜倒下后，他坚定地一再向 Adam Schaff, a former member of the Central Committee of the Polish Workers Unions and director of the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, was later expelled from the party for propaganda of “humanitarian Marxism.” For a time he was forced to exile foreign. After the Polish Workers Unions lost power and the Socialist banner of the entire Soviet Union and Eastern European countries fell, he firmly and repeatedly