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近30年来,世界许多国家开展了森林及林地权属制度改革。改革的主要方向是将森林/林木的所有权/经营管理权下放给政府之外的利益主体,包括家庭、企业和社区。这种改革涉及到森林管理权和经营利用权的下放及森林所有权私有化等复杂多样的产权形式。文中以联合国粮农组织发布的相关报告及国外林权改革相关文献资料为主要素材,选择德国、日本、新西兰、欧洲部分转型国家及独联体国家等诸多国家的改革案例,对国外林权制度改革类型进行梳理,以总结国外林权制度改革的现状、路径和趋势等,为我国林权制度改革提供借鉴。
In the past 30 years, many countries in the world have carried out the reform of the ownership system of forests and woodlands. The main direction of reform is to delegate the ownership / management of forests / forests to stakeholders outside the government, including households, businesses and communities. Such reform involves the complicated and diversified forms of property rights such as the decentralization of forest management and management rights and the privatization of forest ownership. This paper takes the relevant reports released by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the documents concerning foreign forest tenure reform as the main material and chooses the reform cases in many countries such as Germany, Japan, New Zealand, some transition countries in Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and reforms the foreign forest tenure system Types of combing, in order to summarize the status quo, path and trend of the reform of foreign forest tenure system, and provide reference for the reform of forest tenure system in our country.