民族主义是古老而现代的话题,族群冲突构筑了现代社会的基本特征,而族群多元性却是现代国家的固有属性。非理性民族主义已经成为导致国家内部和国家之间冲突的主要根源。现代宪政制度应当尊重、承认进而调适殊异族群的文化歧异性。现代多元族群国家应将族属认同与政治认同分离作为处理民族关系的理性原则。在宪政民主的法律体系和政治文化中,作为民主过程及其结晶的宪法可以为公民提供一种身份认同;同时,以政治认同与族属认同相分离为契机,结合以宪法为核心的国家认同观进而形塑一种在不违背国家根本利益和制度的前提下自由发展本民族文化的族群和谐状态。 Nationalism is an ancient and modern topic. Ethnic conflicts have shaped the basic characteristics of modern society. However, ethnic pluralism is an inherent attribute of modern countries. Irrational nationalism has become a major source of conflicts that lead to intra-State and State conflicts. The modern constitutional system should respect, admit and further adapt to the cultural differences of different ethnic groups. Modern multi-ethnic group countries should separate ethnic identity and political identity as the rational principle of handling ethnic relations. In constitutional democracy, the legal system and political culture, the constitution as a democratic process and its crystallization can provide citizens with a kind of identity recognition. At the same time, taking the separation of political identity and ethnic identity as an opportunity, combined with the constitutional as the core of national identity The concept thus shapes a harmonious ethnic group that freely develops its own national culture on the premise of not violating the fundamental interests and systems of the country.