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分别于2011年、2012年的10月对苏南丘陵茶园秋季杂草种类、数量和高度等进行调查,将其转换成相对多度和重要值数据,在此基础上计测了苏南丘陵茶园25种主要杂草的生态位宽度和生态位重叠值,用DCA排序法作出反映杂草生态学相似程度的DCA排序图,并对不同样地杂草类群进行聚类分析。结果表明:苏南丘陵茶园秋季杂草共发现100种,分属40科90属,其中,发生频率>15%的杂草有25种;25种主要杂草中,马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、铁苋菜(Acalypha australis)、一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)、小旱稗(Echinochloa crusgalli var.austro-japonensis)和牛筋草(Eleusine indica)等5种杂草实际生态位较宽,为茶园秋季最主要的杂草(恶性杂草);马唐、小旱稗、铁苋菜、牛筋草和一年蓬之间生态位重叠值较大,对资源的竞争较为激烈,因此,其构成的杂草群落对茶树产生较大的危害。通过样地杂草相似性聚类分析,可将样地聚成5个明显类群:石灰岩土质茶园;翻耕除草,管理良好茶园;未翻耕除草,管理次之茶园;疏于管理,近乎荒弃茶园;林下茶园。苏南丘陵茶园每个聚类群的秋季杂草优势种明显,群落结构不同,这些可为茶园秋季杂草综合控除提供理论依据。
The species, number and height of autumn weeds in the southern Jiangsu hilly tea garden were investigated in October 2011 and October 2012, respectively, and converted into relative abundance and important value data. On this basis, The niche breadth and niche overlap values of 25 major weeds were determined. DCA ordination maps reflecting weed ecology similarity were made by DCA ranking method, and cluster analysis was conducted on different weeds. The results showed that there were 100 kinds of weeds in tea plantation in southern Jiangsu Province, belonging to 40 genera and 90 genera. Among them, 25 species occurred in weeds with> 15% frequency. Of the 25 major weeds, Digitaria sanguinalis, Five species of weeds including Acalypha australis, Erigeron annuus, Echinochloa crusgalli var. Austro-japonensis and Eleusine indica had the wide niche, Of the weeds (vicious weeds); crabgrass, a small barnyardgrass, iron amaranth, tendon grass and Picea niche overlap between the larger, the competition for resources is more intense, so the composition of the weed community Great harm to the tea tree. Through the cluster weed similarity clustering analysis, the sample plots can be clustered into five distinct groups: limestone soil tea garden; tillage weeding, well-managed tea gardens; not tillage and weeding, management of the second tea garden; neglect management, almost desolate Abandoned tea garden; Linxia tea garden. The dominant species of autumn weeds and the different community structures of each cluster in the southern Jiangsu hilly tea garden could provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive control of weeds in the tea garden in autumn.