国际学界以往侧重研究的是西方民族主义,且多认为其是政治性的、理性的、强有力的;对东方民族主义的研究较少,且认为其是文化的、感性的、易变的。但实际上,东、西方民族主义发生的历史背景有很大不同,东方民族主义是在西方列强的殖民侵略下发生的。这既是“挑战与应战”模式的理论逻辑在东、西方民族主义互动关系中的一种体现,也说明西方民族主义理论的解释框架缺少普适性。 In the past, the international academic circles focused on western nationalism, and many thought it was political, rational and powerful. There were few studies on oriental nationalism and they considered them culturally, emotionally and variably. In fact, the historical background of the occurrence of eastern and western nationalism is quite different. Oriental nationalism took place under the colonial aggression of Western powers. This is not only an embodiment of the theoretical logic of “challenge and response” mode in the interaction between eastern and western nationalism, but also the lack of universality in the interpretation framework of western nationalist theory.