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冻害是我国北方冬小麦生产的重大灾害.由于冻害具有积累性和隐蔽性,因此冻害的早期诊断和预警对于防冻保苗工作至关重要.80年代初以来,北方冬麦区进行冻害联合监测是防冻保苗工作中的一个创造.小麦冻害生态类型的划分、冻害指标、冻害机理、抗冻能力及影响因素、受害形态解剖特征、冻害后效等方面的研究为冻害监测工作奠定了理论基础.冻害监测方法体系是由冻害科研实验方法与农学调查方法、农业气象观测方法相结合而逐步形成和完善起来的.冻害监测工作的开展,在一定程度上改变了在灾害面前迟迟不能正确识别,贻误补救时机的被动局面.目前我国北方各监测点已能对当地发生的冻害作出较为准确的早期诊断和预测,并提出可行的补救措施建议,取得了重大的经济效益.
Frost damage is a major disaster in the production of winter wheat in the north of our country.Because of the accumulation and concealment of frost damage, the early diagnosis and early warning of frost damage is very important for the frost-seedling maintenance work.From the early 1980s, Work in the creation of a wheat frost damage classification of ecological types, frost damage index, frost damage mechanism, frost resistance and influencing factors, anatomical characteristics of victims, frost after-effects and other aspects of research for the frost damage monitoring work has laid a theoretical foundation. The system is gradually formed and perfected by combining experimental research methods of frost damage with agricultural survey methods and agricultural meteorological observation methods.Development of frost damage monitoring has changed to a certain extent the delay in the disaster to identify correctly and delay the timing of remedial action Of the passive situation.Nowadays, all the monitoring points in the north of our country have been able to make a more accurate early diagnosis and prediction of frost damage occurring locally and put forward feasible suggestions of remedial measures and achieved significant economic benefits.