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X-37B是美国波音公司制造的一种可重复使用无人升力体飞行器,其具体任务一直备受关注和猜测。X-37B轨道试验飞行器曾多次进行轨道面内和面外机动。外界猜测X-37B可能降低轨道高度,进入有稀薄大气的高度,利用气动力大幅度横跨轨道飞行。文章分析了气动力辅助异面变轨的过程,其中在大气层内飞行段通过调整倾侧角实现侧向机动,从而改变轨道倾角。利用计算流体动力学软件计算其在高马赫数值下的气动力,为大气层内飞行动力学模型提供输入,推导气动力辅助异面变轨特征速度和推进剂消耗量的计算方法。针对不同再入角进行气动力辅助异面变轨仿真,计算轨道倾角改变量、特征速度和推进剂消耗量,并与冲量变轨比较。结果表明:类X-37B飞行器气动力辅助变轨在理论上具备一定改变轨道倾角的能力,但比冲量变轨消耗更多推进剂,变轨过程所需时间较长,相比于冲量变轨难度增大,工程实施可行性值得商榷。
The X-37B is a reusable unmanned aerial vehicle manufactured by the U.S. Boeing Company. Its mission has long been a topic of concern and speculation. X-37B orbital test aircraft has repeatedly carried out in-plane and out-of-plane maneuvers. Speculation X-37B may reduce orbit altitude, into the atmosphere with a thin height, the use of aerodynamic force orbital orbit. In this paper, the process of aerodynamic ancillary heterogeneous orbit derailment is analyzed, in which the flight maneuver can be changed by adjusting the tilting angle and changing the orbit inclination in the flight. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software is used to calculate the aerodynamic force under high Mach number, to provide input to the aerodynamic model of the atmosphere, and to derive the computational method of the aerodynamic characteristics of the speed of anomalous orbit transformation and propellant consumption. The aerodynamic auxiliary surface deformation simulation is carried out for different reentry angles, and the change of orbit inclination, characteristic velocity and propellant consumption are calculated and compared with the impulse orbit change. The results show that the aerodynamic auxiliary orbit change of X-37B aircraft theoretically possesses the ability of changing the orbit inclination, but the specific impulse orbit de-orbiting consumes more propellant and the time required for the orbit change is longer, The difficulty increases, the feasibility of project implementation is questionable.