司法机构改革的目标是实现司法独立,确保司法公正,树立司法权威,但当前司法机构存在着司法不独立、地方保护主义、司法腐败、司法不公等种种弊端,为改变这种弊端,有实现司法机构的垂直领导、设置大区制的司法机关、打破行政区划设置司法机关等司法体制改革设想。但这些设想也存在着需要梳理司法机关与人大关系、相关司法部门业务衔接、司法权力的制约等难题,本文在政府间关系视角下,对这些问题进行了分析与思考。 The goal of judicial reform is to realize the independence of the judiciary, to ensure judicial fairness and to establish the judicial authority. However, the current judicial institutions have some drawbacks such as not independent judicature, local protectionism, judicial corruption and unfair judicature. In order to change this kind of malpractice, The vertical leadership of the institutions set up the judiciary under the system of large areas and broke the assumption of the reform of the judicial system such as the establishment of the judiciary by administrative divisions. However, there are still some problems in these ideas such as the need to sort out the relationship between the judiciary and the NPC, the convergence of relevant judicial departments and the restriction of judicial power. This article analyzes and ponders these issues from the perspective of intergovernmental relations.